Friday, April 21, 2017

Seven Woburn Men at the Lexington Battle on the Morning of April 19, 1775

Seven Woburn Men at the Lexington Battle on the Morning of April 19, 1775

Robert Douglass Jr. Lived near Cambridge and Locust streets.  An alarm rider knocked on his door and told him to go to Lexington.  A 16 year-old son of a Committee of Correspondence member, he went with Sylvanus Wood and joined with Captain John Parker's company soon before the British attacked.  He served multiple times in the war and afterward rose to the rank of Major in the militia.  He married Patty Johnson of Woburn and they had many children.  In the 1790s the family moved to Portland in the Massachusetts district of Maine.  After Patty died, he married Anna Perry and they had more children.  He died in 1833.

Sylvanus Wood Was staying at a house near Four Corners.  He heard the Lexington church bells ringing the alarm.  This 23 year-old captured a British a grenadier that day.  He became Ensign (2nd Lieutenant) in his brother John's company in the Continental Line.  He was a shoemaker and eventually bought the Douglass farm.  He obtained a special pension based upon his capture of, as he put it, the first prisoner of the war that day.  He died in 1840.  His descendants live in the area.

Ebenezer Locke
Lived at the house still standing at 183 Lexington St., at Four Corners  He heard the Lexington church bells.   He was married to Lucy Wood, older sister to Sylvanus, in 1759 and raised three sons.   Forty  years old at the time of the battle,  he and his cousin Amos hastened to Lexington common, but heard a scout's report that there were no British approaching.  Leaving Lexington for home, they heard musket fire.  Doubling back, they found the body of Asahel Porter about 100 yards east of the common where the British then were.  Ebenezer shot at the British.  He served in the war until April 1777.  Within the next decade or so, he moved to Deering, NH, where he died in 1816.

Amos Locke Lived at the Locke house at 183 Lexington St., and heard the Lexington church bells.   He married Sarah Locke, an orphan, in 1769 and raised four sons.  He was a veteran of the Seven Years war.  Thirty-two years old at the time of the Lexington battle, he accompanied his cousin Ebenezer and wrote a deposition in 1824 confirming their actions that day.   He is documented as serving a couple of stints in the war.  He moved to Lexington and operated a farm and gristmill.  He died in 1828.

Jacob Bacon Lived in Woburn's Second Precinct, now Burlington.   It is not known how he heard of the Lexington alarm.  Born in Lexington, he married Katherine Davis of Bedford in 1768, and had one son and two daughters.  By 1771 he was living in Woburn on a small farm.  He was 38 at the time of the battle.  According to Lexington minister Reverend Jonas Clark's one-year memorial sermon, he was wounded in the morning fight at Lexington common.  Tragedies followed one upon another.  His son died later in the summer of 1775.  In 1776 he was jailed for spousal abuse and took his own life in the Concord Jail on November 7, 1776.

Asahel Porter Married Abigail Brooks in Seabrook NH in 1773 and lived in her father's house in Woburn. They had one son, Asahel.  At age 23, late at night on April 18, 1775 or early in the morning on the 19th, Asahel and his friend Josiah Richardson set out for Boston, normal civilians heading to the markets there.  En route in Menotomy (Arlington) they were taken captive by the British column and forced to march with it toward Lexington.  Near the common, they were released, but Asahel was shot dead as he hurriedly departed.  He was likely the first fatality that day.  His wife remarried and had 7 more children.

Josiah Richardson Lived in the center of present day Woburn.  He accompanied Asahel Porter on his fateful trip to the market in Boston.  Taken up and then released by the British column, Josiah survived.  He would have heard and easily could have witnessed the battle on the green.  This may be the same Josiah Richardson, blacksmith, that in 1782 married Sarah (Wyman) Richardson, a presumed widow whose first husband, after having gone missing in the war while privateering aboard the Warren in 1776, returned in 1783.  That Josiah gave up Sarah to her first husband, Ichabod Richardson.

Josiah Richardson's residence note:  Epitaphs, First Burial-Ground. p.46, appended to  Woburn Records of Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Marriage Intentions, from 1640 to 1900 Part II, Deaths, 1890.  And p.130-131 the Woburn Directory 1868   Said to be at the site of Woodberry's store (Abbot and Pleasant Streets, at west end of the common) So, near today's library.

The Interview in the Province House

(a continuation)  CaptainLoammi baldwin Solomon Pollard of Billerica hosted officers from many towns at his tavern on the 2nd of January, 1775, for the purpose of militia elections.  Loammi Baldwin of Woburn (seen at right) acted as clerk.  At a subsequent meeting the officers elected Loammi Baldwin first Major of Middlesex's Second Regiment of Militia.  So the two men knew each other.

Now skip ahead to the Province House on March 16th when Pollard and other selectmen presented to Governor Gage the Billerica Remonstrance protesting the tarring and feathering of Thomas Ditson Jr.  Baldwin was there.  It appears at some point Baldwin wrote down his version of this interview with General Gage.  Of course it is possible this written record is inaccurate or embellished.  As evidence the whole is not fantasy is James Baldwin's appended note that his father Loammi once showed him the actual interview room.

What follows is my transcription of Baldwin's notes, aided by his son George Rumford Baldwin's 19c transcription.*  Baldwin's son and I have updated some of the spelling and imposed regularization of format into a more modern day dialogue.  Parentheses are added to Baldwin's descriptions of actions, leaving the supposed quoted words of the participants in the clear.  Other of my additions are in square brackets [ ].

It seems some of the Boston selectmen were also present as were some of Gage's officers.  Apparently the Billerica selectmen tried to present the remonstrance the day before--but Gage was either absent or too busy for them--for it starts off with his apology.

✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥✥
March 16.th 1775
(His Excellency apologizes for our disappointment yesterday.)
HIS EXCELLENCY GENERAL GAGE: What is your business Gentlemen?
Dcn. JOSHUA ABBOTT of Billerica: (took the Remonstrance out of his pocket-gave it to His Excel’y.)
HIS EXCELLENCY: you give mi this paper do you?
Maj. LOAMMIN BALDWIN of Woburn: Gentlemen you had one of you better read it.
(HIS EXCELLENCY gave it to Dr. Danforth who proceeded to read, till coming to some of the high seasoned parts when several of the Officers started, scowled, muttered and withdrew for a little time.)
Dr. TIMOTHY DANFORTH of Billerica: (Continues reading till coming to some other exceptional passages when a number mor of the Officers behaved like and followed the others.)
(The reading continued--preasently his Execellency was wounded in some vital part which caused his knees to smite and head to shake.)
HIS EXCELLENCY: Stop. I am insulted.  I won’t be insulted.
COMMITTEE: We do not mean to insult Your Excellency.
HIS EXCELLENCY: But I am insulted.
COMMITTEE: May it please Your Excellency we did not mean to insult--but to assert our rights.
HIS EXCELLENCY: It is very much like an insult
Dr. DANFORTH: But may it please Your Excellency, Every Like is not the sam.  But there is but one sentence mor. Hear, or take the whole.  
(So it was read in conclude and the Remonstrance given to his Excellency’s hand)
HIS EXCELLENCY: I condemn the action Gentleman as much as you can do.  I sent for Colonel Nesbitt and Repremanded him severly and he asked my pardon and forgiveness and promised Reformation for the future.  I look upon it as an high insult on me and the Town and I treated it as such.  When the selectmen of Boston came to me--
(I canot recollect what he said but he named them.  Some were about him.  Some of our Gentlemen spoke (said) something here.)
HIS EXCELLENCY: Gentlemen, what further do you want me to do abou [page of original is torn]
BALDWIN: We want, may it please Your Exy, that (you) should put the Martial Law in Execution against him and cashier corpalhin[?] [corporal punishment?] or brake him.
HIS EXCELLENCY: I know of no Law by which I can do it.
Capt. SOLOMON POLLARD of Billerica: We think you are impowered to do it by the 9-11-14 & 15 Section of the Articles of War.
HIS EXCELLENCY: I know of no such acts of Parliament.  
(The paper was produced in which the extracts ware.)
ABBOTT: Do you deny them to be true Extracts?
HIS EXCELLENCY: (Looking on them) I know of no such, do you (shewing it to some of his Officers, no say thay.)
BALDWIN: May it please y.r Ex.y we cannot supose the Martial Law so deficient as to suffer an officer of his rank to pass with impunity when guilty of such an atrocious crim, when we see it put in Execution against the private soldier with such strictness and severity.
HIS EXCELLENCY: Was you ever obstructed in coming into Town or going out?
SELECTMEN: No may it please Your Excellency
BALDWIN: May it please Your Excellency, we are all liable to be insulted, if another man is--there are many country men that are not acquainted with the Martial Law.
HIS EXCELLENCY: The Contry people must not go amongst the Soldiers in the Barracks, he had no business to go in the Barrack to intice soldiers to desert and sell their Clothes and guns.  The consequences are very bad.  (There was a soldier at that very time under sentence of Death for desertion.)  When they get into disputes hard words will insue.  I cannot help it.
SELECTMEN: We do really think this man innocent, & that he was decoid apears by his affidavit.
HIS EXCELLENCY; I am not certan if you read the Soldier deposition, you will find the Contry man was to blame. (one of his officers read it.)  If any person speaks in favour of the King’s Measures, he is hunted & chased like a Hare upon the mountain.
HIS EXCELLENCY: You seem disposed to make the worst you can of it &c.
COMMITTEE: No may it please Your Excellency we mean to make the Best we can of it.
[end of Baldwin's notes]

[George Rumford Baldwin continues…]
Interview with his Excellency, General Gage.
On this last of the two papers copied as above has been written in pencil by James F. Baldwin son of said L.B. & my brother, the following--
“Nov. 16. 1843  L.Baldwin once shew me the very
“place in the North room of the Province house
“(near the Old South Church Boston) say in 1806 or 7
“when I boarded there with Joseph Bradley
“where Governor Gage sit & where the Committee
“who presented a remonstrance to Gov. Gage
“stood.  & I suppose this is the interview
“there alluded to”.  JFB”

Joseph Bradley leased the Province House from the Commonwealth in July 1806.  Loammi Baldwin died in October 1807.  So when James Fowle Baldwin roomed in the house it would have been entirely natural for his father Loammi to visit and reminisce.

Sources:
http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w6bs2qp8 [search for Bradley]
http://www.worldcat.org/title/deeds-and-documents-relating-to-the-province-house-1796-1810/oclc/84672685
A Sketch of the Life and Works of Loammi Baldwin https://books.google.com/books?id=iegpAAAAYAAJ&dq=james+f.+baldwin+%22loammi+baldwin%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s

*MS AM 1811 (305) (388).  Houghton Library, Harvard University

Thomas Ditson Jr. and the Billerica Remonstrance


Grave of Dr. Timothy Danforth
Grave of Dr. Timothy Danforth
Thomas Ditson Jr. tried to buy clothing and a musket or two from British soldiers in Boston on April 8th, 1775.  Then they tarred and feathered him.  Ditson claimed he had been lured in by reassurances the sales would be legitimate.  Few might have believed he was that gullible, but that was his story nonetheless, and the rube from the countryside meme had some traction then as it still does now.

It was in the newspapers of course, and Ditson wrote a deposition describing his entrapment and physical ordeal. His treatment became a cause célèbre.  Since the tarring and feathering was known to be the work of the soldiers of the 47th regiment, the immediate object of the people's resentment was the regiment's commander, Lt. Col. William Nesbit.  What were the people to do?  Complain to his boss, of course.  The selectmen of Billerica, Ditson's hometown, wrote a protest and demand for justice which was presented to General Gage on March 16, 1775.  This 'remonstrance' hit upon familiar themes, and then some. It: 
  • called the tar and feathering of this innocent man "a high infraction on that personal security which every Englishman is entitled,"
  • called the recent Acts of Parliament "iniquitous, cruel, and unjust."
  • complained of quartered troops (in Boston) formerly noble, now performing "brutal outrages."
  • characterized the abuse of Ditson as a betrayal of Gage's promise of free travel of country people in and out of Boston.
  • warned that not punishing Nesbit would widen the breach between Great Britain and the people of Massachusetts.
  • threatened escalation from the "inhabitants of our Country Towns", if further abused, who "shall hereafter use a different style from that of petition and complaint."
  • included what can be taken as a reference to independence, i.e. "the last distress of Nations."
And it finished with a grand, religious flourish
If the grand bulwarks of our Constitution are thus violently torn away, and the powers on earth prove unfriendly to the cause of virtue, liberty, and humanity, we are still happy. We can appeal to Him who judgeth righteously, and to Him we cheerfully leave the event.
This Billerica Remonstrance is remarkable enough for its strident tone, veiled threat of violence, and allusion to outright independence.  More remarkable is that, unlike many previously published county and town resolves often addressed to no one in particular, the Billerica Remonstrance was addressed and delivered to the Military Governor appointed by the King himself.  And what I find most remarkable is that it was read to him in his presence, in his residence, in the Province House.  These Billerica selectmen had audacity.

Next:  The Interview in the Province House

(Find-a-grave photo of Dr. Timothy Danforth of Billerica, who read the remonstrance to Governor Gage)